© Jorge Cornejo
Data Transparency and Effective Monitoring Drive Compliance in Chilean Patagonian Toothfish Fishery
- By Jorge Cornejo and Monica Espinoza
- Published
Stronger monitoring and enforcement have led to a shift in fleet behavior, proving data transparency a powerful tool in sustainable fisheries management
In the vast, cold waters off the coast of Chile, the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides), commonly referred to as “white gold”, has long been a prized catch. Highly sought after in international markets, this deep-sea fish is the backbone of a fishery that supports industrial and artisanal fishers alike.
Alongside its economic benefits, the toothfish is also vital for maintaining the balance of the region’s marine ecosystem. As food sources for apex predators, such as seals, cetaceans and giant squid, any drop in population can have impacts on a wide variety of other species. Ensuring sustainable fishing practices is therefore essential.
Regulating fisheries
For years, Chile has implemented strict regulations to manage its Patagonian toothfish fishery. These have included seasonal closures, vessel restrictions, quotas to prevent overfishing and a limit on the total number of hooks used, varying by vessel type and fishing area.
Despite these efforts, concerns arose in early 2024 when reports suggested that several vessels had initiated fishing operations before the authorized start of the fishing season on February 1. The National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (SERNAPESCA) acted swiftly, identifying 43 vessels suspected of noncompliance. To bolster enforcement, they requested Global Fishing Watch’s support to analyze vessel movements and detect apparent fishing activity during the seasonal closure.
Analyzing vessel behavior
Using Chile’s vessel monitoring system (VMS) data for the period January 29-31, 2024, our analysis identified a series of vessel behaviors consistent with fishing activity during the seasonal closure. This led to SERNAPESCA issuing fines to 21 vessels: clearly demonstrating that stricter oversight was needed to enforce compliance.
Fast forward to the second seasonal closure later that year — something had shifted. As the closure was ending, the same vessels were once again monitored closely from August 29 – September 1. This time, however, the analysis revealed a change. Of the 43 vessels previously flagged for non-compliance, none had engaged in apparent fishing activities. The fleet, recently a source of regulatory concern, had altered its behavior completely – representing a major success for Chile’s regulatory framework and its collaboration with Global Fishing Watch in ensuring transparency and compliance.
Impact of transparency on compliance
The absence of infractions in the second closed season of 2024 stands as a testament to the power of transparency and effective monitoring. Swift enforcement actions taken earlier in the year, combined with analytical insights from Global Fishing Watch, created a deterrent strong enough to influence industry-wide compliance – demonstrating the value of collaboration between government authorities and independent monitoring organizations.
For SERNAPESCA, this has been a significant victory. Using cutting-edge data analysis, officials have been able to strengthen oversight and uphold rules that protect the Patagonian toothfish fishery. As Chile continues to lead the way in sustainable fisheries management, this case serves as an encouraging example of how transparency can drive real change. With continued vigilance and cooperation, the future of the Patagonian toothfish fishery looks far brighter than it did just a year ago.
Future action
Chile’s Patagonian toothfish fishery has demonstrated an extraordinary shift towards compliance with regulatory measures, highlighting the importance of data transparency and effective monitoring. By leveraging transparent data and collaboration, Chile is setting a precedent for responsible fisheries management. The effectiveness of these measures ensures the protection of marine resources, supports long-term economic benefits and strengthens Chile’s reputation as a leader in sustainable fisheries governance.
This month, Chile is hosting the annual South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization (SPRFMO) meeting in Santiago, where international leaders will gather to discuss critical issues in fisheries governance. This success story offers a powerful example for those discussions, particularly for conversations around vessel tracking and the importance of transparency in fisheries management.
The case of Chile’s Patagonian toothfish fleet demonstrates how effective monitoring, data sharing and rigorous enforcement can drive positive change — lessons that SPRFMO members can use to strengthen oversight and compliance in their shared waters. By building on this momentum, the global community can continue advancing toward more transparent and sustainable ocean governance.
